China Calls For Philippines Missile System Removal From South China Sea

Henrik Larsen

6 min read

Post on May 20, 2025

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China's Stance and its Justification

China's call for the removal of Philippine missile systems stems from its long-held and expansive territorial claims in the South China Sea, a position consistently challenged by neighboring countries.

Territorial Claims as the Foundation

China's claim is primarily based on the controversial "nine-dash line," a demarcation on maps that asserts its sovereignty over vast swathes of the South China Sea, encompassing numerous islands, reefs, and maritime resources. This claim overlaps significantly with the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of several ASEAN nations, including the Philippines. The Philippines' recent missile deployment, particularly on islands such as Pag-Asa Island (Thitu Island) and potentially others within its claimed EEZ, is viewed by China as a direct challenge to its sovereignty.

• Specific islands/reefs involved: Pag-Asa Island (Thitu Island), potentially others within the Spratly Islands archipelago. The exact locations of the missile systems remain undisclosed for security reasons.
• Legal arguments used by China: China primarily relies on historical claims and its interpretation of international law, often disregarding the 2016 arbitral tribunal ruling which invalidated the nine-dash line.
• International court rulings: The 2016 Permanent Court of Arbitration ruling in The Hague rejected China's expansive claims under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), but China refuses to recognize this decision.

China's concerns extend beyond mere territorial control. The deployment of Philippine missile systems is perceived as a significant strategic threat, altering the regional military balance of power.

Security Concerns and Military Build-up

China views the Philippine missile deployment as a direct threat to its national security and regional dominance. This perception is fueled by China’s own extensive military build-up in the South China Sea, including the construction of artificial islands, the deployment of advanced weaponry, and the expansion of its naval and air forces.

• Examples of China’s military infrastructure development: Construction of artificial islands with military facilities, including runways, harbors, and radar installations on features such as Fiery Cross Reef, Subi Reef, and Mischief Reef.
• China’s naval presence: Increased patrols and naval exercises in the South China Sea, showcasing its growing naval power projection capabilities.
• China’s air power capabilities: Deployment of advanced fighter jets and surveillance aircraft, enhancing its ability to monitor and control the airspace over the South China Sea.
• Potential for miscalculation and escalation: The increasing militarization of the region raises the risk of accidental clashes or miscalculations that could escalate into a larger conflict.

The Philippines' Response and Regional Implications

The Philippines justifies its missile deployment as a crucial measure to protect its sovereignty and territorial integrity in the face of perceived threats from China. This move is also partly a response to China's assertive actions in the region.

Philippines' Justification for Missile Deployment

The Philippines argues that it has the right to self-defense and is entitled to deploy defensive systems within its own claimed EEZ. The deployment strengthens its defense capabilities and serves as a deterrent against potential aggression.

• Specific security threats perceived by the Philippines: China's assertive actions, including harassment of Filipino fishermen and incursions into its claimed EEZ.
• The role of US military assistance: The US, a key ally of the Philippines, provides military aid and training, bolstering the Philippines’ defensive capacity.
• Strengthening of the Philippines' defense capabilities: The missile deployment is part of a broader effort to modernize the Philippines' armed forces and enhance its ability to defend its maritime territory.

Regional Alliances and International Law

The dispute significantly impacts regional alliances and the application of international law in the South China Sea. The incident underscores the growing rift between China and several ASEAN members.

• Statements from other regional powers: Vietnam, Malaysia, and other claimant states have expressed concerns about China's actions and the potential for further escalation.
• Positions of international organizations: ASEAN and other international bodies have called for peaceful resolution of disputes and adherence to international law, specifically UNCLOS.
• Potential for further international involvement: The ongoing tension could prompt greater involvement from other countries and international organizations, potentially leading to increased diplomatic pressure on China.

Economic Implications

The escalating tensions pose significant risks to the economic activity in the South China Sea, a crucial region for global trade and maritime transport.

• Specific trade routes affected: Disruptions to shipping lanes could severely impact global trade and economic activity.
• Economic losses due to potential conflict: Any conflict could result in significant economic losses for countries involved and the wider global economy.
• The importance of freedom of navigation: Maintaining freedom of navigation in the South China Sea is essential for global trade and regional economic stability.

Potential for Escalation and Conflict Resolution

The current situation carries a considerable risk of escalation, with potential for accidental clashes or intentional military actions.

Risks of Military Confrontation

The deployment of missile systems increases the likelihood of miscalculation and accidental conflict, raising the stakes considerably.

• Specific scenarios that could lead to conflict: An accidental clash between ships or aircraft, a misinterpretation of military maneuvers, or a deliberate attack by either side.
• Potential responses from involved parties: Any escalation could lead to a wider regional conflict, involving other countries and potentially superpowers.
• The importance of de-escalation: Urgent diplomatic efforts are necessary to de-escalate the situation and prevent any further escalation.

Diplomatic Efforts and Pathways to Peace

Despite the rising tensions, diplomatic solutions remain crucial. Bilateral and multilateral negotiations, alongside international mediation, could pave the way for peaceful resolution.

• Past diplomatic efforts: Previous attempts at diplomatic resolutions have yielded mixed results, highlighting the complexity of the issue.
• Potential avenues for negotiation: Renewed dialogue between China and the Philippines, mediated by international organizations like the UN, could be a potential path forward.
• The role of international arbitration: The 2016 arbitral tribunal ruling provides a legal framework, although China's rejection of it remains a significant hurdle.
• Mechanisms for conflict resolution: Exploring various conflict resolution mechanisms, including confidence-building measures and joint patrols, could help de-escalate tensions.

Conclusion

China's demand for the removal of Philippine missile systems from the South China Sea represents a significant escalation of regional tensions. Understanding the perspectives of both China and the Philippines, within the broader geopolitical context and potential for conflict, is paramount. The international community must actively promote diplomatic solutions, uphold international law (like UNCLOS), and prevent further escalation. We urge continued attention to this critical issue and support for initiatives aimed at de-escalation and finding a peaceful resolution to this critical dispute surrounding China’s call for the Philippines missile system removal from the South China Sea; continued dialogue and adherence to international norms are vital to prevent further escalation and maintain regional stability.